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Law / Bahrain

Copyright Law, Quotation Exception

Law No. 22 of 2006, Art. 21 (Quotation Exception)

A citation is an address, not a summary. The first part names the law; what follows narrows it to the exact section, article or paragraph.

In force.

A copyright and text and data mining (TDM) rule binding public and private bodies.

As of 6 September 2026.

What it requires

  • An app training a model or otherwise reproducing text scraped from a Bahraini source may reproduce only a brief section of a legally published work, for a legitimate purpose and no more than the extent that purpose requires, and must mention the source and the author's name where the source indicates them.
  • Exceeding the necessary extent of that quotation is copyright infringement, exposing the app to imprisonment of three months to one year and a fine of BD 500 to BD 4,000, or either penalty.

If you get it wrong

Criminal exposureYes

Criminal exposure note

Article 65(1) subjects anyone who infringes a copyright or attendant right protected under the Law, without prejudice to a severer penalty under the Penal Code or another law, to imprisonment of no less than three months and no more than one year and a fine of no less than BD 500 and no more than BD 4,000, or either penalty.

Penalty structure

Fine of BD 500 to BD 4,000 under Article 65(1); the same paragraph also allows imprisonment of three months to one year instead of or in addition to the fine, and doubles under Article 59-equivalent recurrence provisions on a repeat offense.

Rule
Fixed only
As of
6 September 2026
Currency
BHD
Fixed cap
4,000

Who enforces it

Enforcement body

Bahraini courts, on a rightful owner's civil action or a criminal complaint

What this law does

Drafted with AI from the cited sources under the direction of UnGovr staff. UnGovr holds editorial responsibility for this page.

Article 21(1) permits, without the author's permission and without payment of compensation, reproducing a brief section of a legally published work to quote it in another work, provided the quotation serves a legitimate purpose and does not exceed the extent necessary for that purpose, with the source and author's name mentioned where indicated in the source.

Anyone who infringes a right protected under the Law, including by exceeding this exception's necessary extent, is subject to imprisonment of three months to one year and a fine of BD 500 to BD 4,000, or either penalty.

When LexLint raises it

  • crawls_web
  • trains_models
  • aggregates_content

Read the law

Law No. 22 of 2006 on the Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights
as amended up to Law No. 5 of 2014, full text reproduced by WIPO Lex

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