Law note · European Union
Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market (DSM Directive), Articles 15 and 4
Article 15 creates an EU-wide neighbouring right for press publishers against online information-society service providers, enabling them to demand remuneration for the online use of press publications; the right explicitly excludes bare hyperlinking and 'very short extracts', leaving the precise scope of the snippet carve-out to member-state implementation and future litigation, and does not apply to private or non-commercial use.
Article 4 establishes a general exception for text and data mining for purposes beyond scientific research (Art. 3), which any rightsholder may override by a machine-readable reservation of rights, making it the primary EU opt-out mechanism for AI training and news-crawler scraping. The Directive entered into force 7 June 2019 with a transposition deadline of 7 June 2021; all EU member states have now transposed it, replacing earlier failed ancillary-copyright experiments in Germany and Spain.
Primary source: EUR-Lex