Copyright Law, reproduction right and research exception
Law No. 28 of 2014, Articles 9 and 44, Copyright Law
A citation is an address, not a summary. The first part names the law; what follows narrows it to the exact section, article or paragraph.
In force since 16 October 2014.
A copyright and text and data mining (TDM) rule binding public and private bodies.
As of 6 September 2026.
What it requires
- Get the rights holder's permission before reproducing a copyrighted work in Indonesia, including through automated collection, unless the narrow research and criticism exception applies.
- The research and criticism exception requires citing the source in full and not harming the creator's reasonable interest; it is not a general text-and-data-mining exception and does not on its own terms cover commercial model training.
What this law does
Drafted with AI from the cited sources under the direction of UnGovr staff. UnGovr holds editorial responsibility for this page.
Article 9 gives a Creator or Copyright Holder the exclusive economic right to reproduce a work in any form, and paragraph (3) prohibits anyone from reproducing or commercially using a work without the Creator's or Copyright Holder's permission.
Article 44(1)(a) excepts the use, taking, reproduction, or alteration of a work, in whole or a substantial part, from infringement where the source is fully cited and the purpose is education, research, scientific writing, report preparation, or criticism or review of a matter, conditioned on not harming the Creator's or Copyright Holder's reasonable interest.
No provision of the Act creates a text-and-data-mining exception, so reproducing copyrighted text at scale to train a model rests, if at all, on Article 44(1)(a)'s narrow and interest-balancing research ground rather than on a dedicated exception, and a commercial training use sits outside that ground's plain terms.
When LexLint raises it
crawls_webtrains_models
Read the law
Official English translation of Law No. 28 of 2014, WIPO Lex