Law / Laos

Penal Code, Illegal Access to a Computer System

Penal Code No. 26/NA (17 May 2017), arts. 164-165

A citation is an address, not a summary. The first part names the law; what follows narrows it to the exact section, article or paragraph.

In force.

A computer misuse rule binding public and private bodies.

As of 6 September 2026.

What it requires

  • Do not defeat a special protection system to access a computer system with intent to obtain commercial, financial or privately held data.
  • Reading a public, unauthenticated page without defeating any special protection system has not itself been held to violate this provision.

If you get it wrong

Criminal exposureYes

Private right of actionNo

Criminal exposure note

Imprisonment for three months to one year and a fine of 2,000,000 to 5,000,000 kip, on conviction (Penal Code, art. 165).

Penalty structure

Fine only, as the ceiling of the stated range; the same article also allows imprisonment of three months to one year instead of or in addition to the fine.

Rule
Fixed only
As of
6 September 2026
Currency
LAK
Fixed cap
5,000,000

What this law does

Drafted with AI from the cited sources under the direction of UnGovr staff. UnGovr holds editorial responsibility for this page.

Article 165 criminalises using electronic instruments in a computer system that has a special protection system, with intent to illegally obtain commercial, financial or individuals' privately held data, punishable by three months to one year imprisonment and a fine of 2,000,000 to 5,000,000 kip. Article 164 separately criminalises disclosing the special protection measures themselves.

Because the offence's trigger is defeating a special protection system, a scraper reading a public, unauthenticated page without circumventing any access control falls outside a plain reading of the provision, and no reported Lao case has tested the point.

The Penal Code also criminalises, in the same chapter, illegal interception of non-public computer data transmissions (art. 167) and interference with a computer system (art. 170), neither of which is addressed to reading a page a publisher has made public.

When LexLint raises it

  • crawls_web
  • trains_models

Read the law

Official Gazette text of the Penal Code
Law No. 26/NA (17 May 2017), preserved in an Internet Archive capture of the Lao Official Gazette's PDF

archived copyRead from a public archive copy, not the publisher directly. The publisher does not serve this page to automated readers, so a direct fetch was not an option here; how we access sources. Archived 2021. Publisher's page: https://laoofficialgazette.gov.la/kcfinder/upload/files/1Oct2020_Lao%20Penal%20Code_English%20version.pdf

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