Law on Copyright and Related Rights, Rights of Makers of Databases

Article 139 defines a database as a collection of independent data, works, or other materials arranged systematically and individually accessible, whose obtaining, verification, or presentation demanded a qualitatively or quantitatively substantial investment, and protects it under the Act's related-rights provisions regardless of any copyright eligibility.

Article 140 extends that protection to the database's entire contents, to any qualitatively or quantitatively substantial part, and to a qualitatively or quantitatively insubstantial part where it is extracted repeatedly and systematically in a way that conflicts with the database's normal exploitation and unreasonably prejudices the maker's legitimate interests.

Article 141 gives the maker the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit reproducing, distributing, renting, or making the database available to the public, and Article 142 confines an authorised user to insubstantial parts for any purpose and bars acts that conflict with the database's normal exploitation.

Article 144 limits these rights for teaching, private and internal-use reproduction, and official-proceedings use, and Article 145 sets the term at 15 years from the database's making, or from its first disclosure if disclosed within that period, restarting on a qualitatively or quantitatively substantial new investment in the database's contents.

The Act's exception catalogue names no text-and-data-mining or AI-training-specific exception, and Article 52's private-use reproduction exception expressly excludes electronic databases from its own scope.