Código Penal, arts. 146 b y 174 b, introducidos por la Ley N° 4439/2011, acceso indebido a datos y a sistemas informáticos
Ley N° 1160/97 (Código Penal), arts. 146 b y 174 b, introducidos por la Ley N° 4439/2011
A citation is an address, not a summary. The first part names the law; what follows narrows it to the exact section, article or paragraph.
In force since 5 October 2011.
A computer misuse rule binding public and private bodies.
As of 5 September 2026.
What it requires
- Do not access a computer system, or its components, using your own or another person's identity, or by exceeding an authorization.
- Reading a public, unauthenticated page has not itself been held to exceed an authorization under this provision, and no reported Paraguayan decision addresses the point.
- Do not circumvent a security measure to obtain data that is specially protected against unauthorized access; ordinary access to unprotected, publicly available data falls outside this narrower offence.
- Do not obstruct a data-processing operation by destroying, disabling, removing or altering the infrastructure that carries it out.
If you get it wrong
Criminal exposureYes
Private right of actionNo
Criminal exposure note
Imprisonment of up to three years or a fine for accessing a system without authorization or exceeding one (art. 174 b) or for circumventing a security measure to reach specially protected data (art. 146 b); up to five years or a fine for sabotaging a data-processing operation (art. 175). The Código Penal's fine is a day-fine set by the offender's own means, so no fixed peso figure attaches to any of these offences.
Who enforces it
Enforcement body
Ministerio Público (fiscalía penal)
What it reaches
Obligation class
Access restriction
What this law does
Drafted with AI from the cited sources under the direction of UnGovr staff. UnGovr holds editorial responsibility for this page.
Article 174 b punishes accessing a computer system or its components, using one's own identity or someone else's, or exceeding an authorization, with imprisonment of up to three years or a fine, and defines a computer system broadly to reach any device or interconnected set of devices whose function is data processing by a computer program. The provision's text does not require circumventing a security measure, unlike article 146 b below.
Article 146 b, narrower, punishes obtaining access to data that is specially protected against unauthorized access, without authorization and by violating a security system, also with imprisonment of up to three years or a fine, so ordinary access to unprotected, publicly available data falls outside its plain terms.
The same Ley N° 4439/2011 also introduced article 175, renaming and widening the pre-existing sabotage offence into sabotage of computer systems, punishing obstruction of a data-processing operation by an article 174-type act or by destroying, disabling, removing or altering processing infrastructure, with imprisonment of up to five years or a fine, and article 175 b, which conditions prosecution of articles 174 and 175 on the victim's complaint except where the public interest requires prosecution ex officio.
When LexLint raises it
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Read the law
Official text of Ley N° 4439/2011
which amended and expanded the Código Penal (Ley N° 1160/97), published by the Biblioteca y Archivo Central del Congreso Nacional (BACN)