Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works, Quotation and Press Exceptions

Article 35 permits quotation from a work in four settings: taking some sentences or passages of a disclosed work into an independent scientific or literary work; taking mostly theme, motif, passage, or idea elements of a published composition into an independent musical work; including disclosed fine-art works and other published works in a scientific work to the extent justified for illustrating its content; and displaying disclosed fine-art works by projection in scientific conferences or lectures, each conditioned on the quotation being clearly identifiable and, in scientific works, on naming the source and the author.

Article 36 lets daily news and reports disseminated by the press or radio be freely quoted.

It also lets articles or columns on daily social, political, or economic matters be taken as-is or in adapted form by other newspapers or magazines, and disseminated by radio or otherwise, unless the quotation right has been expressly reserved; even where it has been reserved, such articles or columns may still be taken in shortened, press-summary form and disseminated, provided the source publication or agency, its date and issue number, and the author's name, pen name, or mark are cited.

Article 37, rewritten in 2001, allows incorporating parts of intellectual and artistic works into media conveying signs, sound, or images in connection with daily events, for news purposes and not exceeding the scope of informing the public; material so incorporated may be freely reproduced, distributed, performed, or broadcast, provided this freedom is not used in a way that harms the rightsholder's legal interests or conflicts with normal exploitation of the work.