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Law / United States / Texas

S.B. 441 (2025), civil liability for artificial intimate visual material and nudification applications

Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §§ 98B.0021-98B.009

A citation is an address, not a summary. The first part names the law; what follows narrows it to the exact section, article or paragraph.

In force since 1 September 2025.

An AI prohibited practices rule binding public and private bodies.

As of 6 September 2026.

What it requires

  • A person depicted in artificial intimate visual material, produced or disclosed without their consent and with intent to harm them, can sue the creator, solicitor, discloser, or promoter for damages if the material reveals their identity.
  • If you own a website, application, or social media platform and recklessly facilitate production or disclosure of such material for payment, or you own a publicly accessible nudification application (an AI application primarily designed and marketed to produce this material), you are liable for damages to the depicted person.
  • If you own a website, application, or social media platform on which such material is disclosed, you are liable for damages if the depicted person requests removal and you fail to remove it, and known identical copies, within 72 hours.
  • You must provide an easily accessible system for a depicted person to request removal, and a clear, plain-language notice describing that process and your responsibilities under it.
  • Failing the removal, system, or notice duties is a deceptive trade practice, giving the Attorney General and a private claimant a cause of action under the Deceptive Trade Practices-Consumer Protection Act.
  • A depicted person has 10 years from discovering the material, or from turning 18, whichever is later, to bring a claim.

If you get it wrong

Private right of actionYes

What it reaches

Obligation class

Prohibition

What this law does

Drafted with AI from the cited sources under the direction of UnGovr staff. UnGovr holds editorial responsibility for this page.

A defendant who, without effective consent and with intent to harm, produces, solicits, discloses, or promotes artificial intimate visual material (AI-produced depictions of a person's exposed intimate parts or of them engaging in sexual conduct) that reveals the depicted person's identity is civilly liable to that person for damages.

A website, application, or social media platform owner who recklessly facilitates production or disclosure of the material for payment, or who owns a nudification application, an AI application primarily designed and marketed to produce artificial intimate visual material, is separately liable for damages. An owner is also liable for damages if the depicted person requests removal and the owner fails to remove the material, and known identical copies, within 72 hours of the request.

Every such owner must provide an accessible removal-request system and a clear, plain-language notice of it, and a violation of the removal, system, or notice duties is a deceptive trade practice actionable under the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices-Consumer Protection Act. A claim under this chapter must be brought not later than 10 years after the later of the depicted person's discovery of the material or the date the depicted person turns 18.

When LexLint raises it

  • generates_content
  • publishes_adult_content
  • operates_social_platform

Read the law

official codified text, Texas Constitution and Statutes, Texas Legislative Council

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