Law note · Virginia

Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act, sensitive data and biometric data definitions

cite Va. Code Ann. ยง 59.1-575 stage IN FORCE in force since 2023-01-01 reviewed 2026-08-27

VCDPA classifies the processing of genetic or biometric data to uniquely identify a person, along with racial or ethnic origin, religious belief, a mental or physical health diagnosis, sexual orientation, citizenship or immigration status, precise geolocation, and a known child's data, as sensitive data requiring prior opt-in consent.

'Biometric data' means data from automatic measurement of an individual's biological characteristics used to identify them, such as a fingerprint, voiceprint, or eye retina or iris pattern, but the definition carries a blanket, unconditional exclusion for a photograph, video or audio recording, or data generated from either, with no clawback for data generated to identify someone.

A faceprint or voiceprint extracted from a recording for identification purposes therefore falls outside both biometric data and sensitive data under this Act.

What it asks of an app

  • Obtain a Virginia consumer's opt-in consent before processing sensitive data, including genetic or biometric data collected to uniquely identify the individual.
  • Do not treat an identifier derived solely from a photograph, video, or audio recording as VCDPA biometric data requiring this consent. The definition excludes any data generated from such a recording, with no exception for data generated to identify someone.

When LexLint raises it

Declared activities: processes_biometrics, processes_voice, crawls_web, trains_models

Primary source: official Virginia statute text, Title 59.1 Chapter 53, Code of Virginia

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