Law / Niger

Niger

3 of 6 named instruments researched to a stage, across three of the six areas of law we track: 3 in force. As of 5 September 2026.

AI law none researched
Privacy law 1
Scraping law 1
Cybersecurity law none researched
Age gating law none researched
News aggregation law 1

in forceenacted but not yet in forceproposedrepealed, withdrawn or blocked

Drafted with AI from the cited sources under the direction of UnGovr staff. UnGovr holds editorial responsibility for this page.

Privacy law1 instrument, 1 in force

Research summary (162 words)

Niger's comprehensive personal-data regime is Loi n° 2022-59 du 16 décembre 2022 relative à la protection des données à caractère personnel, which created the Haute Autorité de Protection des Données à caractère Personnel (HAPDP) and replaced the earlier Loi n° 2017-28.

Three later instruments adopted during the transition government, Loi n° 2023-31 du 4 juillet 2023 and Ordonnances n° 2024-16 du 26 avril 2024 and n° 2024-29 du 24 juin 2024, rewrote the HAPDP's own institutional articles (its creation and status, membership, government commissioner, resources, budget, staffing and transitional provisions) without altering the Act's substantive duties on lawful basis, sensitive and biometric data, data-subject rights, cross-border transfer, breach notification or sanctions.

The Act binds any public or private legal person and any natural person processing personal data, arms a data subject with a judicial remedy in addition to a HAPDP complaint, and backs its duties with imprisonment terms and fines running as high as 50,000,000 CFA francs for the most serious offences.

Comprehensive regime

Loi n° 2022-59, protection des données à caractère personnel

Loi n° 2022-59 protection des données à caractère personnel, du 16 décembre 2022, telle que modifiée par la Loi n° 2023-31 du 4 juillet 2023 et les Ordonnances n° 2024-16 du 26 avril 2024 et n° 2024-29 du 24 juin 2024Consolidated text of Loi n° 2022-59 as amended, published by the Haute Autorité de Protection des Données à caractère Personnel (HAPDP)

In force. Binds public and private bodies.

What this law does

Article 3 binds any collection, processing, transmission, storage or use of personal data by a public or private legal person or a natural person, and article 4 extends the Act to a controller or processor established in Niger and to one established abroad that uses processing means located on Niger's territory.

Article 37 conditions lawful processing on the data subject's express prior consent, subject to exceptions for a legal obligation, a public-interest mission, a contract, or safeguarding the data subject's own interest or fundamental rights.

Article 42 prohibits processing data revealing racial, ethnic or regional origin, filiation, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, trade-union membership, sex life, health, morals, genetic or biometric data, social measures, or criminal or administrative sanctions, subject to listed exceptions, and article 49 requires the HAPDP's prior authorisation before any processing of biometric data.

Article 62 bars transferring personal data to a State that does not ensure a sufficient level of protection of privacy and fundamental rights and freedoms, and requires the controller to first implement technical and organisational security measures, including encryption, before any transfer; article 63 permits a transfer to a State lacking adequate protection only on the data subject's specific, free, informed and unambiguous consent or another listed derogation.

Article 79 requires a private-sector controller to designate a data-protection correspondent within its organisation and notify the appointment to the HAPDP, while a public-sector controller designates a focal point instead. Article 83 requires a controller to notify the HAPDP of a personal-data breach without delay on becoming aware of it, and to notify the affected person as well when the breach is likely to create a high risk to their rights and freedoms.

Chapter XIV punishes a list of specific offences, including illicit processing of sensitive data, unauthorised disclosure, purpose diversion, fraudulent collection, direct marketing without consent, and obstructing the exercise of a data subject's rights, each with imprisonment of three months to five years and a fine reaching, depending on the offence, from 500,000 to 50,000,000 CFA francs, and article 110 gives a data subject a judicial remedy independent of a complaint to the HAPDP.

What it requires

Scraping law1 instrument, 1 in force

Research summary (311 words)

Niger has no scraping-specific statute, so general law governs each dimension separately.

Loi n° 2019-33 du 3 juillet 2019 portant répression de la cybercriminalité au Niger criminalises accessing, or remaining present in, all or part of a computer system intentionally and without right (articles 3 and 4), but neither provision requires infringing a technical security measure, and a person reading a page that is public and unauthenticated has a right to view it, so a plain reading of 'without right' does not obviously reach ordinary open-web crawling; no reported Nigerien decision has tested the point.

No Nigerien court has ruled on the enforceability of a browsewrap or clickwrap terms-of-service against a scraper.

Ordonnance n° 2010-95 du 23 décembre 2010 portant sur le droit d'auteur, les droits voisins et les expressions du patrimoine culturel traditionnel excludes simple facts, data and the news of the day from copyright protection outright, and permits only a narrow quotation of a lawfully published work conforming to fair practice, with no separate text-and-data-mining exception; the same Ordinance defines a database as a compilation of data or facts, protects it only as an ordinary literary compilation to the extent its selection or arrangement is original, and withholds the free-reproduction privilege from the whole or a substantial part of a database, so there is no sui generis database right distinct from ordinary copyright.

Loi n° 2022-59 du 16 décembre 2022 relative à la protection des données à caractère personnel applies to any collection, processing, transmission, storage or use of personal data without a general carve-out for information that is publicly accessible, so scraping personal data from a public Nigerien website remains subject to the Act's lawful-basis, purpose-limitation, sensitive-category and cross-border-transfer duties.

No Nigerien statute or reported case establishes a scraping-specific unfair-competition, misappropriation or trespass doctrine, and none assigns legal weight to a robots.txt directive or imposes an AI-training-specific rule.

Computer misuse

Loi n° 2019-33, accès illégal et maintien frauduleux

Loi n° 2019-33 accès illégal et maintien frauduleux dans un système informatique, répression de la cybercriminalité au Niger, du 3 juillet 2019, art. 3 et 4Official text of Loi n° 2019-33, Africa Laws legislative database

In force. Binds public and private bodies.

What this law does

Article 3 punishes with one to three years' imprisonment and a fine of 500,000 to 1,000,000 CFA francs anyone who accesses, intentionally and without right, all or part of a computer system, rising to three to five years' imprisonment and a fine of 2,000,000 to 5,000,000 CFA francs where the access results in the suppression, modification or alteration of the data it holds, or in a malfunction of the system.

Article 4 punishes the same two tiers for remaining, intentionally and without right, present in all or part of a computer system after the initial access. Neither article conditions the offence on infringing a technical security measure, but both require the access or continued presence to be 'without right' (sans droit), which a person reading a page that is public and unauthenticated is not; no reported Nigerien decision has applied either article to ordinary open-web crawling.

What it requires

News aggregation law1 instrument, 1 in force

Research summary (226 words)

Niger has no press-publisher neighbouring right, no mandatory platform-to-publisher bargaining code, no recognised hot-news misappropriation doctrine distinct from ordinary copyright law, and no located statute or case law addressing hyperlinking or framing liability specifically; each of those dimensions is a sourced absence rather than an unresolved question.

The relevant instrument is Ordonnance n° 2010-95 du 23 décembre 2010 portant sur le droit d'auteur, les droits voisins et les expressions du patrimoine culturel traditionnel, which repealed and replaced Ordonnance n° 93-027 du 30 mars 1993 while preserving its substance on this point.

Article 7 excludes official texts, the news of the day, ideas, procedures, systems, methods, concepts, principles, discoveries, and simple facts or data from copyright protection outright, so a bare fact or news item is never protectable regardless of who first reported it.

Article 11 lets any person, once a work is lawfully published, quote it in another work without the author's authorisation or payment, provided the source and the author's name are indicated and the quotation conforms to fair practice and does not exceed the extent justified by its purpose; the exception is narrower than a dedicated press-review clause, and no reported Nigerien decision applies it to a systematic news aggregator's reproduction of headlines and snippets.

The Ordinance predates the concept of a machine-readable text-and-data-mining reservation, so no opt-out mechanism of that kind exists either.

Snippet reproduction

Ordonnance n° 2010-95, exclusion des faits et exception de citation

Ordonnance n° 2010-95 exclusion des faits et des nouvelles du jour et exception de citation, du 23 décembre 2010, portant sur le droit d'auteur, art. 7 et art. 11Ordonnance n° 2010-95 du 23 décembre 2010, full text as republished by the Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OAPI)

In force. Binds public and private bodies.

What this law does

Article 7 excludes from copyright protection official legislative, administrative or judicial texts and their official translations, the news of the day, ideas, procedures, systems, operating methods, concepts, principles, discoveries or simple data even when stated, described, explained, illustrated or embodied in a work, and simple facts and data.

Article 2.3 defines a database as a compilation of data or facts, which article 5 protects only as a collection (recueil), like an encyclopaedia, to the extent its selection or arrangement is an original creation, and article 10 withholds the free-reproduction privilege from the whole or a substantial part of a database, so a database is protected, if at all, as an ordinary compilation rather than under a separate sui generis right.

Article 11 permits quoting a lawfully published work in another work, without the author's authorisation and without payment, on condition that the source and the author's name are indicated and the quotation conforms to fair practice and does not exceed the extent justified by its purpose; unlike a dedicated press-review clause, this quotation exception carries no separate allowance for reproducing a current political, social or economic news article in full.

Article 107 repeals Ordonnance n° 93-027 du 30 mars 1993, which stated an identical objects-not-protected exclusion and an identical quotation exception in its own articles 6 and 10.

Note and primary source

This page covers the instruments LexLint has researched to a stage. Instruments named in the corpus but not yet researched are counted in the head and are not listed here. Every entry carries its own primary source on its note page. This is a research index, not legal advice.