Sudan

Sudan has no scraping-specific statute. The Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection and Literal and Artistic Works Act, 2013 protects a computer-readable database only as a compilation, and only where its selection or arrangement of contents is itself original; a database lacking that originality, and the individual data points within an otherwise-protected one, draw no separate right under the Act.

The Act also lets a person in lawful possession of a computer program make one backup copy of it for use if the original copy is lost or damaged.

The Cybercrime Act, 2007 (as amended by the Cybercrime Prevention (Amendment) Act, 2020) is this jurisdiction's other named lead for a computer-misuse finding; the only located copy of that Act reproduces its preliminary provisions (name, application, definitions) but not the operative offence articles that would establish an unauthorised-access or interference offence, so whether it reaches an unauthenticated scrape of a public, unauthenticated page is not established here.

Access-context questions such as robots.txt's legal weight and terms-of-service enforceability are likewise unsettled: no reported case on the point has been located, and no dedicated contract or crawl-signals statute exists.

Sudan has no press-publisher neighbouring right, no compelled platform-to-publisher bargaining code, no hot-news or misappropriation doctrine distinct from ordinary copyright law, and no located statute or case law addressing hyperlinking or framing liability.

The operative instrument is the Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection and Literal and Artistic Works Act, 2013: it excludes the news of current events that is merely press news from copyright protection outright, so a bare news item is never a protected work regardless of who first reported it; it lets any person take excerpts from a lawfully published work for the purpose of clarification, explanation or critique, citing the source and the author's name; it lets a work published in a newspaper or periodical, on a current economic, political or religious discussion, or a broadcast work of the same character, be transmitted to the public or reproduced by newspaper, broadcast or wire transmission, where the right to reproduce or transmit has not been expressly reserved, with the source clearly indicated; and it lets a protected work that is seen or heard during a current event be reproduced or broadcast as part of a news report on that event, to the extent the informational purpose of the report justifies.

None of these provisions is capped at headline length or a short extract, and whether any of them reaches a systematic news aggregator, as opposed to a traditional press review, has not been tested in a reported Sudanese decision. The Act predates the concept of a machine-readable text-and-data-mining reservation entirely, so no opt-out mechanism of that kind exists.